KERAGAMAN KONSUMSI PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA, ASUPAN ZAT BESI DAN ANEMIA: CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY PADA PEKERJA WANITA PERKEBUNAN

Abstract

Anaemia in female workers is associated with low dietary diversity. Household dietary diversity contributes significantly to iron intake for the prevention of anaemia. The study aimed to determine the relationship between household dietary diversity, iron intake and anaemia in female workers. The study design was a cross-sectional study of 140 households with female workers aged 19–36 years in Seluma District, Bengkulu, Indonesia. Data were collected using the Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS), food recall and record, and haemoglobin level measurements. Analyses were performed using t-tests, Mann-Whitney tests, correlations, and regression (p<0.05). There was a significant correlation between household food consumption diversity (r=0.288; p=0.001) and iron intake (r=0.622; p<0.001) with anaemia status. Household food consumption diversity and iron intake explained 34.4% of the variation in haemoglobin levels as a marker of anaemia status (p<0.001), with iron intake as the dominant factor. The conclusion was dietary diversity and iron intake together contribute to anaemia status. Diverse consumption of iron-rich foods such as fish, legumes, and grains plays an important role in reducing the risk of anaemia among female workers.

Anemia pada pekerja wanita berkaitan dengan rendahnya keragaman konsumsi pangan. Keragaman konsumsi pangan rumah tangga berkontribusi penting dalam pemenuhan zat besi untuk mencegah anemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara keragaman konsumsi pangan rumah tangga, asupan zat besi dan anemia pada pekerja wanita. Studi cross-sectional dengan subjek 140 rumah tangga pekerja wanita usia 19–36 tahun di Kabupaten Seluma, Bengkulu, Indonesia. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan metode Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS), food recall dan record, pengukuran kadar hemoglobin. Analisis dilakukan dengan uji t, Mann-whitney, korelasi, dan regresi (p<0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat korelasi signifikan antara keragaman konsumsi pangan rumah tangga (r=0,288; p=0,001) dan asupan zat besi (r=0,622; p<0,001) dengan status anemia. Keragaman konsumsi pangan rumah tangga dan asupan zat besi menjelaskan 34,4% variasi kadar hemoglobin sebagai penanda status anemia (p<0,001) dengan asupan zat besi sebagai faktor dominan. Kesimpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keragaman konsumsi pangan dan asupan zat besi secara bersama-sama berkontribusi terhadap status anemia. Konsumsi pangan beragam dari sumber kaya zat besi seperti ikan, polong-polongan, dan biji-bijian berperan penting dalam menurunkan risiko anemia pada pekerja wanita.