HUBUNGAN FAKTOR SOSIAL EKONOMI, PERNIKAHAN DINI TERHADAP STATUS GIZI IBU DAN ANAK

Abstract

Early marriage remains a phenomenon that affects maternal health and child nutritional status, particularly in areas with low socioeconomic conditions. The study was aimed to determine the relationship between socioeconomic factors and early marriage with the nutritional status of mothers and children at the Antang Final Disposal Site (TPA Antang), Makassar. The study employed a cross-sectional design with a total sample of 20 respondents selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through interviews using structured questionnaires, anthropometric measurements of mothers and children, and supporting data from posyandu records. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses with the Chi-Square test. The results showed that most mothers were married at the age of 14–16 years. Maternal nutritional status based on Body Mass Index (BMI) was predominantly underweight (65%). Child nutritional status based on weight-for-age indicated that most children had normal nutritional status, although undernutrition and severe undernutrition were still found. Bivariate analysis revealed that socioeconomic factors were not significantly associated with maternal or child nutritional status (p>0.05). Age at early marriage was also not significantly associated with maternal nutritional status (p>0.05). Although no statistically significant relationships were found, the study indicates a tendency for mothers who married at a very young age and came from low socioeconomic backgrounds to have poorer nutritional status. Nutrition education, prevention of early marriage, and improvement of family socioeconomic support are necessary.

Pernikahan dini masih menjadi fenomena yang berdampak terhadap kesehatan ibu dan status gizi anak, terutama pada wilayah dengan kondisi sosial ekonomi rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor sosial ekonomi dan pernikahan dini terhadap status gizi ibu dan anak di TPA Antang Makassar. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan jumlah subjek sebanyak 20 responden yang diambil menggunakan teknik total sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner, pengukuran antropometri ibu dan anak, serta data pendukung dari Posyandu. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar ibu menikah pada usia 14–16 tahun. Status gizi ibu berdasarkan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) didominasi oleh kategori kurus (65%). Status gizi anak berdasarkan indikator berat badan menurut umur (BB/U) menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar anak berada pada kategori gizi baik, namun masih ditemukan gizi kurang dan gizi buruk. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa faktor sosial ekonomi tidak berhubungan signifikan dengan status gizi ibu (p>0,05) maupun status gizi anak (p>0,05). Umur saat menikah juga tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan dengan status gizi ibu (p>0,05). Meskipun tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik, penelitian ini menunjukkan kecenderungan bahwa ibu yang menikah pada usia sangat muda dan berasal dari keluarga dengan sosial ekonomi rendah memiliki status gizi yang kurang optimal. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya edukasi gizi, pencegahan pernikahan dini, serta peningkatan dukungan sosial ekonomi keluarga.