PENGARUH ASUPAN VITAMIN D DENGAN KOMPOSISI TUBUH ANAK: LITERATUR REVIEW

Anisa Sekar Widhi

doi:10.52365/jhn.v11i1.1365

PENGARUH ASUPAN VITAMIN D DENGAN KOMPOSISI TUBUH ANAK: LITERATUR REVIEW

Anisa Sekar Widhi

Abstract

Middle childhood and early adolescence are important periods in the growth and development period that will affect height and health in adolescence and adulthood. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency has been conducted by the National Diet and National Surveys (NDNS) around 7.5% of children aged 1.5-3 years are deficient. Data from 2015 showed that 44% of Indonesian children were insufficient and 50.3% inadequate. One factor that can cause growth disorders in children is lack of vitamin D intake. Low vitamin D consumption is associated with slower linear growth. Thus, this study aims to see the effect of vitamin D supplementation on children's body composition. This research method is a literature study that aims to collect data or research objects that are literature in nature to solve an in-depth problem regarding relevant library materials. There are six articles reviewed using experimental research methods and randomized controlled trial designs. The results of six studies showed no effect of vitamin D supplement consumption on children's body composition such as body weight, fat mass, fat-free mass, body mass index (BMI), BMI/A, Height/A with details of three articles stating no significant effect on body weight (BB), two articles on Height/A, two articles on BMI/A, two articles on body fat percentage, fat mass, fat-free mass, and one article on BMI. The conclusion was there no significant effect of vitamin D supplementation on children's body composition.

Masa anak-anak pertengahan dan masa remaja awal merupakan masa penting dalam periode tumbuh kembang yang akan memengaruhi tinggi badan dan kesehatan di masa remaja dan dewasa. Prevelensi defisiensi vitamin D telah dilakukan oleh National Diet and National Surveys (NDNS) sekitar 7,5% anak usia 1,5-3 tahun mengalami defisiensi. Data tahun 2015 memperlihatkan bahwa anak Indonesia 44% insufficient dan 50,3% indaquate. Salah satu faktor yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan pertumbuhan pada anak adalah kurang asupan vitamin D. Konsumsi vitamin D yang rendah berhubungan dengan pertumbuhan linier yang lebih lambat. Sehingga, penelitian ini bertujuan melihatkan efek suplementasi vitamin D terhadap komposisi tubuh anak. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan yang bertujuan mengumpulkan data atau obyek penelitian yang bersifat kepustakaan untuk memecahkan suatu masalah mendalam terhadap bahan pustaka yang relevan. Terdapat enam artikel yang dikaji dengan metode penelitian eksperimental dan desain randomized controlled trial. Hasil dari enam penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada pengaruh konsumsi suplemen vitamin D terhadap komposisi tubuh anak seperti berat badan, massa lemak, massa bebas lemak, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), IMT/U, TB/U dengan rincian tiga artikel menyatakan tidak ada pengaruh signifikan terhadap berat badan (BB), dua artikel terhadap TB/U, dua artikel tehadap IMT/U, dua artikel terhadap persentase lemak tubuh, massa lemak, massa bebas lemak, dan satu artikel terhadap IMT. Kesimpulan tidak ada pengaruh yang signifikan pemberian suplemen vitamin D dengan komposisi tubuh anak.

Keywords

body composition; children; vitamin D supplements; komposisi tubuh; anak; suplemen vitamin D;

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.52365/jhn.v11i1.1365