Analisis Molecular Docking Senyawa Aktif Tanaman Kumis Kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus B.) terhadap Reseptor Carbonic Anhydrase II sebagai Kandidat Obat Antihipertensi
Abstract
Hipertensi merupakan kondisi patologis yang ditandai oleh peningkatan tekanan darah melebihi batas normal, yaitu tekanan sistolik ≥ 140 mmHg dan diastolik ≥ 90 mmHg. Salah satu mekanisme yang dapat digunakan untuk menurunkan tekanan darah adalah dengan menghambat enzim carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi potensi senyawa aktif dalam tanaman kumis kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus B.) sebagai kandidat obat antihipertensi melalui pendekatan in silico menggunakan metode molecular docking. Proses docking dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan, meliputi preparasi ligan dan reseptor CA-II, validasi metode, docking antara senyawa uji dan reseptor, serta visualisasi interaksi molekuler. Parameter yang dianalisis dari hasil docking mencakup energi ikatan, konstanta inhibisi (Ki), dan interaksi residu asam amino aktif. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa senyawa Damascenone memiliki potensi tertinggi sebagai kandidat antihipertensi, dengan nilai energi ikatan sebesar -6,91 kcal/mol dan Ki sebesar 8,57 µM, yang mendekati nilai dari ligan native, yaitu furosemid. Selain itu, Damascenone menunjukkan profil farmakokinetik dan toksikologi yang baik berdasarkan analisis ADMET (Absorpsi, Distribusi, Metabolisme, Ekskresi, dan Toksisitas). Kemiripan pola interaksi hidrogen Damascenone dengan furosemid mendukung prediksi bahwa senyawa ini berpotensi menghasilkan efek antihipertensi yang sebanding melalui penghambatan terhadap reseptor CA-II.
Hypertension is a pathological condition characterized by elevated blood pressure exceeding normal limits, specifically systolic pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and diastolic pressure ≥ 90 mmHg. One mechanism to reduce blood pressure is through the inhibition of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II). This study aims to explore the potential of active compounds in the medicinal plant Orthosiphon stamineus B. as antihypertensive drug candidates using an in silico approach through molecular docking methods.cThe docking process involved several stages, including ligand and CA-II receptor preparation, method validation, docking of the test compounds with the receptor, and visualization of molecular interactions. Parameters analyzed from the docking results included binding energy, inhibition constant (Ki), and interactions with active site amino acid residues. The results indicated that Damascenone demonstrated the highest potential as an antihypertensive candidate, with a binding energy of -6.91 kcal/mol and an inhibition constant (Ki) of 8.57 µM, values comparable to the native ligand, furosemide. Furthermore, Damascenone exhibited favorable pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties based on ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) analysis. The similarity in hydrogen bonding patterns between Damascenone and furosemide supports the prediction that Damascenone may exert a comparable antihypertensive effect through CA-II receptor inhibition.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.52365/jond.v5i1.1349
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