Penetapan Kadar Fenolik, dan Flavonoid Total Ekstrak Etanol Biji Trembesi (Albizia saman (Jacq.) Merr.) dengan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis

Abstract

Trembesi merupakan tanaman pelindung yang secara empiris dimanfaatkan dalam pengobatan tradisional, antara lain untuk flu, sakit kepala, dan gangguan saluran pencernaan. Hasil skrining fitokimia sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa biji trembesi mengandung senyawa fenolik, flavonoid, dan alkaloid, namun data kuantitatif mengenai kadar senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid masih terbatas. Senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid diketahui berperan sebagai antioksidan dan berpotensi dalam pencegahan berbagai penyakit degeneratif, seperti kanker, diabetes, serta gangguan sistem imun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kadar total fenolik dan flavonoid dalam ekstrak etanol biji trembesi. Metode penelitian meliputi pembuatan simplisia, ekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 70%, identifikasi kualitatif senyawa berdasarkan reaksi perubahan warna, serta penetapan kadar total fenolik dan flavonoid menggunakan metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang tertentu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol biji trembesi mengandung senyawa fenolik dengan kadar total sebesar 395,416 mg GAE/g ekstrak dan flavonoid total sebesar 372,569 mg QE/g ekstrak. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol biji trembesi memiliki potensi sebagai sumber senyawa bioaktif, dengan kandungan fenolik sebagai komponen dominan.

Trembesi is a shade tree that has been empirically used in traditional medicine, particularly for treating flu, headaches, and intestinal disorders. Previous phytochemical screening has shown that trembesi seeds contain phenolic, flavonoid, and alkaloid compounds; however, quantitative data on phenolic and flavonoid contents remain limited. Phenolic and flavonoid compounds are known to exhibit antioxidant activity and play an important role in the prevention of degenerative diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and immune system disorders. This study aimed to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the ethanolic extract of trembesi seeds. The research methods included the preparation of simplicia, extraction using the maceration method with 70% ethanol as the solvent, qualitative identification of compounds based on color reaction tests, and quantitative determination using UV–Visible spectrophotometry at specific wavelengths. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of trembesi seeds contained a total phenolic content of 395.416 mg GAE/g extract and a total flavonoid content of 372.569 mg QE/g extract. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the ethanolic extract of trembesi seeds has potential as a source of bioactive compounds, with phenolic compounds being the predominant constituents.