Studi In Vitro Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Penawar Sampai (Tinospora crispa L.) terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis
Abstract
Kulit merupakan jaringan terluar di tubuh manusia yang menjadi pertahanan pertama dari masuknya patogen. Kulit dihuni oleh berbagai flora normal, salah satunya adalah Staphylococcus epidermidis. S. epidermidis adalah patogen oportunistik yang menjadi penyebab infeksi nosokomial yang menetap pada perangkat medis. Kasus infeksi nosokomial banyak terjadi baik di negara maju maupun negara berkembang. Infeksi nosokomial karena S. epidermidis tergolong sulit diatasi karena adanya kemampuan spesies ini dalam membentuk biofilm dan resistensi antibiotik yang menyebabkan kasus nosokomial berujung kematian. Penelitian ini mengujikan ekstrak dari tanaman penawar sampai atau brotowali terhadap S. epidermidis guna mendeteksi adanya aktivitas antibakteri. Batang penawar sampai dimaserasi dan diuapkan menjadi ekstrak kental dengan konsentrasi 20, 50, 75, dan 100%. Ekstrak kental batang penawar sampai diujikan terhadap S. epidermidis dengan metode difusi cakram. Interpretasi kemampuan ekstrak dalam menekan pertumbuhan S. epidermidis dapat diamati dari diameter zona hambat yang terbentuk di sekitar cakram. Konsentrasi terendah dalam menekan pertumbuhan S. epidermidis dihasilkan pada penelitian ini adalah konsentrasi ekstrak 20%. Hal ini mengindikasikan adanya potensi dari ekstrak penawar sampai sebagai antibakteri terhadap S. epidermidis yang tergolong dalam bakteri Gram positif.
The skin is the outermost tissue in the human body and the first line of defense against pathogen entry. The skin is inhabited by a variety of normal flora, one of which is Staphylococcus epidermidis. S. epidermidis is an opportunistic pathogen that causes nosocomial infections that persist in medical devices. Cases of nosocomial infections are common in both developed and developing countries. Nosocomial infections due to S. epidermidis are relatively difficult to overcome due to the ability of this species to form biofilms and antibiotic resistance which causes nosocomial cases to lead to death. This study tested extracts from the antidote to brotowali plant against S. epidermidis to detect antibacterial activity. The stem was macerated and evaporated into thick extracts with concentrations of 20%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The thick extracts were tested against S. epidermidis using disc diffusion method. Interpretation of the ability of the extract to suppress the growth of S. epidermidis can be observed from the diameter of the inhibition zone formed around the disc. The lowest concentration in suppressing the growth of S. epidermidis produced in this study was 20% extract concentration. This indicates the potential of the extract as an antibacterial against S. epidermidis which is classified as Gram-positive bacteria.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Ahmad, Waqas, Ibrahim Jantan, and Syed N. A. Bukhari. 2016. “Tinospora Crispa (L.) Hook. f. & Thomson: A Review of Its Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical, and Pharmacological Aspects.” Frontiers in Pharmacology 7 (March). https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2016.00059.
Fathmah, Ema Nuzula, Sri Pujiyanto, and Budi Raharjo. 2019. “Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol dan Etil Asetat Batang Tanaman Brotowali (Tinospora crispa, L. Miers) terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli Enteropatogenik (EPEC) Penyebab Penyakit Diare.” Bioma 2 (1): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.14710/bioma.21.1.1-8.
Fatimah, Siti, Jumar Jumar, and Mulyawan Ronny. 2021. “Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Batang Brotowali (Tinospora crispa (L.) Miers.) pada Hama Padi Wereng Batang Coklat (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) dalam Skala Rumah Kaca.” Agritrop: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian (Journal of Agricultural Science) 19 (1): 19–26. https://doi.org/10.32528/agritrop.v19i1.4308.
Al-alusi N.T, Kadir F.A, Ismail S, Abullah M.A. 2010. "In Vitro Interaction of Combined Plants- Tinospora Crispa and Swietenia mahagoni against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)." African Journal of Microbiology Research 4 (21): 2309-2312. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. 2013. Pedoman Pelaksanaan Kewaspadaan Universal di Pelayanan Kesehatan, Direktorat Jenderal Pemberantasan Penyakit Menular dan Penyehatan Lingkungan. Jakarta: Kementrian Kesehatan RI.
Lee, Jean Y. H., Ian R. Monk, Anders Gonçalves Da Silva, Torsten Seemann, Kyra Y. L. Chua, Angela Kearns, Robert Hill, et al. 2018. “Global Spread of Three Multidrug-Resistant Lineages of Staphylococcus epidermidis.” Nature Microbiology 3 (10): 1175–85. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-018-0230-7.
Maida, Surah, and Kinanti Ayu Puji Lestari. 2019. “Aktivitas Antibakteri Amoksisilin Terhadap Bakteri Gram Positif dan Bakteri Gram Negatif.” Jurnal Pijar Mipa 14 (3): 189–91. https://doi.org/10.29303/jpm.v14i3.1029.
Mohammed, Asif Iqbal Chittur, Gunjan Manish, and Chellappan Kumar Dinesh. 2012. “Antimircoial Activity of Tinospora crispa Root Extracts.” International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 3 (3): 417-419. Research Article www.ijrap.net.
Nguyen, Thuan H., Matthew D. Park, and Michael Otto. 2017. “Host Response to Staphylococcus Epidermidis Colonization and Infections.” Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 7 (March). https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2017.00090.
Pratiwi, Denia, and Isna Wardaniati. 2017. “Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Propolis Lebah Trigona (Trigona Spp) terhadap Propionibacterium acnes Penyebab Jerawat.” JOPS (Journal of Pharmacy and Science) 1(1): 9–14. https://doi.org/10.36341/jops.v1i1.369.
Puspitasari, Renny Novi, Sri Agus Sudjarwo, Agung Pranoto, and Achmad Basori. 2022. “Antioxidant Activity of Tinospora Crispa Extracted with Different Ethanol Solvents.” Bali Medical Journal 11 (3): 1107–10. https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v11i3.3467.
Raad, Issam, Amin Alrahwan, and Kenneth Rolston. 1998. “Staphylococcus Epidermidis : Emerging Resistance and Need for Alternative Agents.” Clinical Infectious Diseases 26 (5): 1182–87. https://doi.org/10.1086/520285.
Rahman, Mariam, Md Hasanur Rahman, and Tofail Ahmad Chowdhury. 2020. “Phytochemical and Biological Activity Studies of Tinospora Crispa Stem.” Dhaka University Journal of Science 68 (2): 167–70. https://doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v68i2.54616.
Rahmawatiani, Ayu, Dewi Mayasari, and Angga Cipta Narsa. 2020. “Kajian Literatur: Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Herba Suruhan (Peperomia pellucida L.).” Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences 12 (December): 117–24. https://doi.org/10.25026/mpc.v12i1.401.
Ramadani, Arba P., Lucie Paloque, Hugo Belda, Hady Anshory Tamhid, Masriani, Jumina, Jean-Michel Augereau, et al. 2018. “Antiprotozoal Properties of Indonesian Medicinal Plant Extracts.” Journal of Herbal Medicine 11 (March):46–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2017.06.004.
Salbilah, Ela, Achmad Fudholi, and Siti Mardiyanti. 2023. “Formulation, and Antibacterial Activity Test of Brotowali Stem Extract Gel (Tinospora crispa L.) with Triethanolamine Variations against Propionibacterium acne Bacteria.” Jurnal Farmasi dan Farmakoinformatika 1 (2): 104-112. https://doi.org/10.35760/jff.2023.v1i2.8739.
Sapara, Thresia U, and Olivia Waworuntu. 2016. “Efektivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Pacar Air Terhadap Pertumbuhan Porphyromonas gingivalis.” 5 (4).
Siciliano, Valentina, Rosa Anna Passerotto, Marta Chiuchiarelli, Gabriele Maria Leanza, and Veronica Ojetti. 2023. “Difficult-to-Treat Pathogens: A Review on the Management of Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis.” Life 13 (5): 1126. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13051126.
Susanti, Laila, Lilik Koernia Wahidah, and Pratika Viogenta. 2020. “Formulasi Salep Ekstrak Buah Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) Kombinasi Zeolit Alam Lampung (ZAL) sebagai Penstabil Sediaan Antibakteri Staphylococcus aureus.” Jurnal Pharmascience 7 (1): 9. https://doi.org/10.20527/jps.v7i1.8086.
Thomas, Alex, E. K. Rajesh, and D. Suresh Kumar. 2016. “The Significance of Tinospora crispa in Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus.” Phytotherapy Research 30 (3): 357–66. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5559.
Tilarso, Dara Pranidya, Afidatul Muadifah, Windu Handaru, Putri Indah Pratiwi, and Mursyidah Lathifatul Khusna. 2021. “Aktivitas Antibakteri Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Sirih dan Belimbing Wuluh dengan Metode Hidroekstraksi.” Chempublish Journal 6 (2): 63-74. https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/chp/article/view/21736.
Wahyuningrum, Retno, Ritmaleni Ritmaleni, Tatang Irianti, Subagus Wahyuono, Takushi Kaneko, and Titik Nuryastuti. 2017. “Antituberculosis Activity of Brotowali (Tinospora crispa) Extract and Fractions against Mycobacterium tuberculosis using Microplate Alamar Blue Assay Method.” Majalah Obat Tradisional 22 (2): 124. https://doi.org/10.22146/tradmedj.27925.
Yulia, Nunung, and Lulu Setiyabudi. 2021. “Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Jeringau dan Brotowali terhadap Streptococcus pyogenes.” Prosiding Seminar Nasional dan Diseminasi Penelitian Dosen 1 (1).
Z. A. Zakaria, M. L. Zakaria, Zulkhairi Amom, and Mohd Nasir Mohd Desa. 2011. “Antimicrobial Activity of the Aqueous Extract of Selected Malaysian Herbs.” African Journal of Microbiology Research 5 (30): 5379-5383. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR11.874.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.52365/jecp.v4i2.1074
Article Metrics
Abstract view : 110 timesPDF - 58 times
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 oktaviani naulita turnip, Natalia Sri Martani, hanasia hanasia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Indexed in:
Journal of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacy (JECP) by Department of Pharmacy, Poltekkes Kemenkes Gorontalo is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. | Support By: |